In NISHU WADHWA versus SIDDHARTH WADHWA, the questions before the Hon'ble Delhi High Court was :-
i. Whether a person who has not been summoned as an accused can file a revision petition ?
ii. Whether revision petition filed under Section 397 Cr.P.C. against the order of the Metropolitan Magistrate passed under Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. was maintainable or not?
iii. Whether the Metropolitan Magistrate had territorial jurisdiction to entertain the application under Section 156 (3) Cr.P.C. and pass order thereon as the investigation had been transferred?
iv. Whether directions by the Metropolitan Magistrate to add Sections in the FIR would amount to interference during investigation?
The Hon'ble court held that :-
i & ii) As decided by the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Randhirsinh Dipsinh Parmar vs. State of Gujarat & Ors, the issue that since the accused has not been summoned as an accused and has no right to file a revision petition is alien, while deciding an application under Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. The said issue crops up when the Magistrate entertains the complaint and on taking cognizance proceeds as a complaint case. In case directions are issued for registration of FIR immediately, on registration of FIR, the person against whom allegations are made in the FIR attains the status of an accused. His rights in so far as the Police can summon him for investigation, arrest him without warrants for allegations of cognizable offences are duly affected. In a situation where the fundamental right of freedom and liberty of a person is affected, it cannot be held that he has no right to be heard at that stage. Thus to hold that since directions only have been issued under Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. and no cognizance has been taken thus no revision would lie would be an erroneous reading of the decisions of the Supreme Court.
iii) Section 154 Cr.P.C. does not qualify the territorial jurisdiction of the officer in-charge who receives the information to register the same, however, Sections 155 and 156 Cr.P.C. qualify the territorial jurisdiction of the officer in-charge to investigate offences within the limits of such station. Therefore, a Magistrate can direct the officer in-charge of a police station to investigate a cognizable offence which is within the jurisdiction of its local area. Thus a Magistrate is required to adhere to the territorial jurisdiction and in case it is not empowered to try the said offence, it has no jurisdiction to pass order under Section 156 (3) Cr.P.C.
iv) A bare reading of Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. shows that the Magistrate is empowered to direct investigation into the allegation of cognizable offence which he has jurisdiction to enquire into or try if after taking recourse to Sections 154 and 154(3) Cr.P.C., no FIR is registered. If Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. empower the Magistrate to direct the police officer concern to register FIR and investigate the offences alleged, the same would mean all the offences mentioned in the complaint. The police officer who registers FIR and enter into investigation cannot decline to investigate some offences and leave other if on the allegations in the FIR, the same are found to be made out........Thus, when a Magistrate on an application under Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. directs that all the offences mentioned in the complaint be investigated into, the Magistrate is not exercising its power illegally or beyond its jurisdiction.
i. Whether a person who has not been summoned as an accused can file a revision petition ?
ii. Whether revision petition filed under Section 397 Cr.P.C. against the order of the Metropolitan Magistrate passed under Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. was maintainable or not?
iii. Whether the Metropolitan Magistrate had territorial jurisdiction to entertain the application under Section 156 (3) Cr.P.C. and pass order thereon as the investigation had been transferred?
iv. Whether directions by the Metropolitan Magistrate to add Sections in the FIR would amount to interference during investigation?
The Hon'ble court held that :-
i & ii) As decided by the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Randhirsinh Dipsinh Parmar vs. State of Gujarat & Ors, the issue that since the accused has not been summoned as an accused and has no right to file a revision petition is alien, while deciding an application under Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. The said issue crops up when the Magistrate entertains the complaint and on taking cognizance proceeds as a complaint case. In case directions are issued for registration of FIR immediately, on registration of FIR, the person against whom allegations are made in the FIR attains the status of an accused. His rights in so far as the Police can summon him for investigation, arrest him without warrants for allegations of cognizable offences are duly affected. In a situation where the fundamental right of freedom and liberty of a person is affected, it cannot be held that he has no right to be heard at that stage. Thus to hold that since directions only have been issued under Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. and no cognizance has been taken thus no revision would lie would be an erroneous reading of the decisions of the Supreme Court.
iii) Section 154 Cr.P.C. does not qualify the territorial jurisdiction of the officer in-charge who receives the information to register the same, however, Sections 155 and 156 Cr.P.C. qualify the territorial jurisdiction of the officer in-charge to investigate offences within the limits of such station. Therefore, a Magistrate can direct the officer in-charge of a police station to investigate a cognizable offence which is within the jurisdiction of its local area. Thus a Magistrate is required to adhere to the territorial jurisdiction and in case it is not empowered to try the said offence, it has no jurisdiction to pass order under Section 156 (3) Cr.P.C.
iv) A bare reading of Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. shows that the Magistrate is empowered to direct investigation into the allegation of cognizable offence which he has jurisdiction to enquire into or try if after taking recourse to Sections 154 and 154(3) Cr.P.C., no FIR is registered. If Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. empower the Magistrate to direct the police officer concern to register FIR and investigate the offences alleged, the same would mean all the offences mentioned in the complaint. The police officer who registers FIR and enter into investigation cannot decline to investigate some offences and leave other if on the allegations in the FIR, the same are found to be made out........Thus, when a Magistrate on an application under Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. directs that all the offences mentioned in the complaint be investigated into, the Magistrate is not exercising its power illegally or beyond its jurisdiction.
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